中國年糕

Chinese rice cakes, or niangao, are made from pounded rice and have a sticky, chewy texture. Niangao’s origin story may date back to as many as 2,500 years ago to Suzhou during a chaoticperiod of war, which lasted from 722 to 481 BC.

中國年糕，是由搗碎的大米制成的，口感粘糯具有嚼勁。年糕的起源可以追溯到2500年前的蘇州，當時正值公元前722年至481年的春秋戰(zhàn)國時期。

The Wu Kingdom’s prime minister was first credited with shaping glutinous rice flour into bricklike shapes and saving his people from starvation when his kingdom was besieged.

吳國的宰相在吳國被圍困之際，將糯米粉做成磚狀，使人民免受挨餓，他被認為是第一個做年糕的人。

Niangao lore also tells of a Beijing custom that involveseating rice cakes on the first day of Lunar New Year back in the Liao dynasty. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, niangao became a common staple, with different varieties developed in the north and south.

傳說早在遼代，北京就有在農(nóng)歷新年的第一天吃年糕的習俗。在明清時期，年糕成為一種常見的主食，在北方和南方地區(qū)有了不同的種類。

One notable recipe found in southern China, particularly in Shanghai, involves stir-frying flat rice cakes with sliced pork, leafy greens and a sweet-savoury sauce consisting of soy sauce and sugar. While rice cakes can be eaten all year round, they are traditionally regarded as special dishes shared during Lunar New Year reunion meals, representing good luck and fortune as niangao is ahomonymfor “higher year”.

在中國南方，特別是在上海，有一個典型的烹飪方法，就是用豬肉片、蔬菜和甜醬來炒年糕。雖然年糕一年四季都可以吃，但從傳統(tǒng)上來說，年糕是農(nóng)歷新年團圓飯的特色菜肴，代表著好運和財富，因為年糕諧音“年高”。

韓國年糕

Meanwhile, literallytranslated as “stir-fried rice cake”, tteokbokki is a popular Korean street food that is made with small-sized garaetteok. Unlike the Chinese version that is sliced and flat, garaetteok is a long and cylindrically-shaped tteok, or rice cake, and has a significantly chewier bite than its Chinese counterpart.

同時，Tteokbokki的直譯是“炒年糕”，他是一種流行的韓國街頭食品，用小年糕棒（garaetteok）制作而成。與中國片狀、扁平的年糕不同，年糕棒是一種長圓柱形的韓國年糕（teok），而且咀嚼起來明顯比中國的年糕更有嚼勁。

The first references to tteok appeared in several books about wars between China and Korea that took place between 480 and 222BC. The books told of washed rice that was pounded into a powder and mixed with water, before being shaped into flat discs that were steamed.

在記錄 公元前480年至公元前222年間發(fā)生的中韓戰(zhàn)爭的書籍中首次提到了韓國年糕。這些書中講到，洗凈的大米被搗成粉并與水混合，然后將其做成平盤狀蒸熟。

To draw focus on the rice cakes’ chewy texture, tteokbokki is served with minimal garnish and side ingredients. The rice cakes are boiled and coated in a red sauce of gochujang (chilli paste), gochugaru (red pepper flakes), soy sauce, sugar and sesame seeds. Some home-made recipes include sliced eomuk (flat fish cake), cabbage and scallions.

為了使人們關注年糕耐嚼的口感，韓國炒年糕會盡量少加配菜和配料。年糕煮熟后涂上由辣椒醬、紅辣椒片、醬油、糖和芝麻做成的紅色調(diào)味醬。一些自制的食譜中還會放一些切片的鰻魚（魚餅）、卷心菜和蔥。

Key points：

1、混亂的： chaotic

到了17歲，我一心渴望脫離這既混亂又舒適的營地。

2、包含；涉及： involve

Where there have been delays in the final outcome, geological processes involve thousands of factors, so precision is not always possible.

最終的結(jié)果出現(xiàn)延遲，地質(zhì)過程包含成千上萬種影響因素，所以不可能永遠精確。

3、主食：staple

By July, Indica rice prices, the staple for the majority of the population, were about the same level than a year ago.

截至七月，秈米價格，主食為多數(shù)的人口，大約相同的水平比去年同期水平。

4、同音異意：homonym

Different dialects have different speech characteristics, creating a homonym of different customs.

不同的方言有不同的語音特點，因而形成了各地不同的諧音習俗。

5、字面上：literally

But he did not mean literally to see with your eyes.

但是這里的“看見”不是字面的意思。

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